Author: Ernie

  • Dine Entente Cordiale

    Dine Entente Cordiale

    You do all that work—invitations, shopping, preparing an awesome meal.

    A wonderful evening you envision—one abounding in cordiality, universal involvement, and engaging conversation.


    Dining Room (1886) painting high
    by nationalgalleryofart
    Llicensed under CC-CC0 1.0

    Instead, you realize that the evening could go flat. Rather than a triumph, conversation could lag —revived only by tired talk about pets, family, bills, costs, ailments, neighbors. Some people struggle to participate. Others incessantly monopolize. People leave appreciative of your efforts, but relieved to go home.


    Photo by RDNE Stock project on Pexels.com

    Hosts usually aim to enrich relationships.

    Yet, they realize that a meal alone, no matter how sensational, may not achieve such.

    Intuitively, however, they know what can. That is great conversation.

    But where might they find a catalyst for this? How is it introduced?

    This website proposes a catalyst and vehicle.

    My wife and I like having dinner guests. We too have faced these dilemmas.

    Some advice we gleaned from professional dinner organizers. One recommended: “By the way, if you don’t usually prepare topics for conversation, you should.”1 Another declared: “If it makes your guests uncomfortable, then avoid it.”

    To the soundness of this advice we concur with a couple of provisos.

    The first regards uncomfortable subjects. Often hosts interpret this as excluding politics and religion. To that I say, “No way!” Contrarily, I maintain that if you and your guests are adult enough to speak of such with reasonable civil gentility, then go for it. (Disregard, however, if you live in Putin’s Russia, Xi Jinping’s China, the Ayatollah’s Iran, Kim Jong Un’s North Korea, Lukashenko’s Belarus, etc. Note too that MAGA America seemingly aims to join this list.)

    The second proviso is about preparing. Some think that identifying interesting topics completes the task.

    In fact, engaging subjects, while important, are not the sole ingredient for best ensuring invigorating conversation.

    What else is needed? An appropriate format helps. This reduces the likelihood of these discussion derailments:

    • The topics do not take;
    • Conversation veers to uncomfortable tangents like gossip;
    • A catty remark causes hurt;
    • Veering the conversation back to more appropriate realms makes the host seem tyrannical.

    Photo by cottonbro studio on Pexels.com

    What is a dining format? It is structure that provides:

    • A comfortable setting for hosts and guests to share thoughts; and
    • Boundaries that help maneuvers conversation toward a desired goal.

    The idea of a dinner format is not unique. Search the internet. Examples there one can readily explore.

    Some popular ones include Jeffersonian and Zeldin dinners.

    For certain circumstances we perceive how each might work well.

    Nevertheless, they seemed inappropriate for our home dinners. A successful Jeffersonian, for example, hinges upon having a scholarly somewhat authoritarian moderator. Such did not seem to fit a pleasant occasion with four to six neighbors and friends. The Zeldin dinner, on the other hand, elicits too much personal information from guests.

    So we opted for another solution–“Dining Entente Cordiale.” That is dining pursuant to a friendly agreement, a working relationship, or an accord.


    Photo by Pavel Danilyuk on Pexels.com

    The gist of the idea is this: Guest and hosts agree to dine together to tackle a set of issues.

    Book clubs operate similarly.

    Likewise does the Sky News program, “Press Preview.” There a host moderates a discussion with prominent guests from the British press. Together they parse daily articles from assorted newspapers and tabloids.

    Major components of this format include:

    • Issuing invitations informing of the conversational dinner; plus
    • Supplying guests beforehand with the discussion material, drafted questions, and the meal’s itinerary.

    Sounds like a lot of work! Well, yes, it can be.

    At this site though we take on much of that. For each dinner option we present much of what is needed. We supply a topic or topics, a sample invitation, the review material, and the dinner questions and itinerary.

    One surprising benefit of this format is that it fosters engaging color in guests’ and hosts’ interactions.

    People seldom in our modern world have the opportunity to discuss the same texts with others. This is especially so in light of the alarming decline in local print medias. Often people’s information flows from the multitude of national or international news outlets toward which they incline. Seldom do they sit down together to talk about material from a shared source.

    In our format, on the other hand, all of our guests have agreed to familiarize themselves with the same text. To it they bring their own perspectives. Yet, these perspectives have a unified focus–the shared material.

    This format, also, encourages guests to explore issues with others with whom they would not often have the opportunity. Seldom in most of our lives are we and others sufficiently versed on the same subject with people of different professional, educational, or social backgrounds. At our dinner everyone can confidently and competently discuss the issues at hand. All have had an opportunity to review the text/s and questions. The result is often refreshing perspectives expressed.

    There are, of course, disadvantages .

    One previously mentioned is that it requires more up-front work for all involved. The guests have additional preparing added to their busy lives. The hosts have increased moderating responsibilities.

    On the other hand, for the guests they are compensated with a good meal and refreshing conversation and camaraderie.

    The hosts too have the increased likelihood of presenting a fluid, organized, rewarding evening.

    Our Dinner

    After presenting a dinner topic, I with my wife, plan to host a dinner. There we will moderate a conversation with four to six friends, neighbors, and acquaintances. It will focus on our recently concluded blog topic/s.

    After the dinner, I will draft a report. This will include an “after action review” in which my guests and my wife and I participate providing input on what went well, what needs improvement, and suggestions for how to make the evening better.

    Once these things have been recorded, others wishing to similarly host a dinner will have access to our insights.

    Hopefully, soon we will also have other prepared topics available.

    If you have ideas for such, let us know.

    In the meantime, feel free to use that presented.

    If you do, please give us feed back on how well it worked for you.


    Photo by Lisa from Pexels on Pexels.com

    Our hope is that dining entente cordiale brings captivating twists that gratify your fondest expectations.

    1. LeTournea University at letu.edu/aluni/dining-etiquette.html ↩︎
  • A Mysterious Tease

    A Mysterious Tease

    Introduction II

    [Ebal’s Plea, six of thirty-two]

    The controversies surrounding a recent archaeological find should matter to you. This brief explains why.

    When prominent experts allege that a series of photographs challenge long established precepts of world history while others claim, “There is nothing to see here!”, you might think, “Show me the photos! Decide myself, I will!”1

    Photos of a defixio, a curse tablet found in Israel in 2019, present such a quandary. Because the tablet cannot be opened without crumbling, an archaeologist employed tomographic scanning to peer inside. Reportedly, this revealed proto-alphabetic script, a claim that given the archaeological context potentially challenges long held scholarly understandings of world history.

    When, however, the archaeologist publicly released photos of the scans, some experts denied that they showed anything of significance.

    My goal here is two fold. I want to assist you in reaching a well informed understanding of the tablet. Further, I hope to encourage you to act on what you learn.

    But beware! Conversing intelligently about the photos requires more than a mere viewing. To most, other than a few specialized experts, they appear utterly mysterious.2

    Yet, lay persons with some assistance can make well considered observations regarding them.

    To do so they need three things. First, they need the history. Then they need an opportunity for efficient study. Lastly, and most importantly, they need enthusiasm. That is, enthusiasm for the history and for probing the evidence.

    Below, I relate the history.

    Furthermore, I guide an efficient online study of the photos.

    But what about the enthusiasm? 

    Possibly viewing a 30 second video might spark something. It shows, of all things, a technological process being applied to a piece of metal.

    Wow! How thought provoking and intriguing can that be?

    Well, take a look.

    Click here. 3

    Now just watch.

    Glance momentarily at the video’s millimeter ticker in the top left corner. When it gets to .20 mm, focus particularly on the object’s top right. 

    Alternatively, watch the red bar on the right graph. When it approaches the major breach, focus on your screen’s top right.

    It helps also to move your cursor over the top right and click. This expands the image.    

    Do you see anything?

    Maybe you perceive only happenstance cracks, dents and scratches on a very old piece of lead.

    But, what about a stick man, a mace, some crossed hockey sticks? Maybe you detect some squiggly lines, a bent arm with an open hand, and a couple of ox skulls?

    Ox-head

    Ox head
    Crossed hockey sticks

    Crossed hockey sticks

    Photo by Tony Schnagl on Pexels.com
    A-bent-arm-with-open-hand

    A bent arm with open hand

    Photo by Daria Liudnaya on Pexels.com
    A-role-play-Viking-warrior-wielding-a-mace

    A role play Viking warrior wielding a mace


    Photo by Fernando Cortu00e9s on Pexels.com

    A canon of human history may hang upon which of these assessments is correct.

    Regardless of what you see, this viewing likely piques some wonder. Possibly questions arise like:

    • What is the story here?
    • How could that story impact history?
    • Why should I or others care?

    This memorandum seeks to prepare you for these and other issues.

    Hopefully at its end you can intelligently scrutinize whether the Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet harbors proto-alphabetic script or even ancient Hebrew words . Plus you can ponder whether it challenges scholarly world history.

    In sum, then you can knowingly engage with me whether:

    • There is anything to see here; and
    • If so, so what?”

    Next Post: “The Paradigm”

    1. Melanie Lidman, Academic article on controversial 3,200-year old ‘curse tablet’ fails to sway experts, The Times of Israel,14 May 2023, paragraph 37,  https://www.timesofisrael.com/academic-article-on-controversial-3200-year-old-curse-tablet-fails-to-sway-experts/, (7 October 2024).
      and
      Sean McDowell, Oldest Hebrew Writing? Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet (Revisited) m.youtube.com>watch, (33:59), 11 May 2023. ↩︎
    2. Id. 4:51 and 30:54; and
      Melanie Lidman, Academic article on controversial 3,200-year old ‘curse tablet’ fails to sway experts, The Times of Israel, 14 May 2023, paragraph 15,  https://www.timesofisrael.com/academic-article-on-controversial-3200-year-old-curse-tablet-fails-to-sway-experts/, (7 October 2024).  ↩︎
    3. Scott Stripling, “You are Cursed by the God YHW,” an early Hebrew inscription from Mt. Ebal,  Heritage Science, 12 May 2023,  Supplementary Information, Additional file 1, https://heritagesciencejournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40494-023-00920-9#Fig7, (7 October 2023). ↩︎
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    Lagniappe Joshua’s Altar link / Patterns of Evidence, Two
  • The Paradigm

    The Paradigm

    History I

    [Ebal’s Plea, seven of thirty-two]

    This is a story about two archaeology discoveries. Both have potential dizzying impact on our understanding of biblical and world history.

    Closely identified, having come from the same location, they are well separated in time of discovery. The first became known about 40 years ago. Identification of the latter occurred within the last six.1 

    Yet, they poise a piercing assault on a long understood, entrenched, scholarly paradigm—one considered by many virtually unassailable.

    What is that? It is that Moses did not write, and, in fact, could not have written, the first five books of the Bible, that is the Torah or Pentateuch.2 This the paradigm holds despite other Old Testament sources, as well as Jesus of the New, having affirmed or implied Mosaic authorship.

    If not Moses who lived allegedly around the Twelfth to Fifteenth Century B. C., then who? In short, the theory holds that a collection of authors mostly from the Ninth to the Third Century B. C. wrote the Torah’s accounts.3 These late date writers aimed at manufacturing for the Hebrew people a shared identity—one fortifying moral cohesion and reverence for mythological heroes.4


    Photo by Yan Krukau on Pexels.com

    This idea permeates more than the ivory towers of elite universities. It holds sway over heartlands worldwide. Since the late 19th century, the idea has schooled generations of priests and preachers as well as waves of college students enrolled in scholastic biblical studies.5

    This paradigm against Mosaic authorship has a name. It is the documentary hypothesis.6

    Now, let us examine these two discoveries challenging it.

    Next post: “Joshua’s Altar?”

    1. Sean McDowell, Oldest Hebrew Writing? Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet (Revisited) m.youtube.com>watch, (01:09), 11 May 2023; and
      Melanie Lidman, Academic article on controversial 3,200-year old ‘curse tablet’ fails to sway experts, The Times of Israel,14 May 2023, paragraph 5,  https://www.timesofisrael.com/academic-article-on-controversial-3200-year-old-curse-tablet-fails-to-sway-experts/, (7 October 2024). ↩︎
    2. Id., paragraph 2. ↩︎
    3. Sean McDowell, Oldest Hebrew Writing? Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet (Revisited) m.youtube.com>watch, (20:00 and 35:02-14), 11 May 2023; and
      Associates for Biblical Research, “ABR Researchers Discover the Oldest Known Proto-Hebrew Inscription Ever Found”, https://biblearchaeology.org/current-events-list/4896-abr-researchers-discover-the-oldest-known-proto-hebrew-inscription-ever-found, (33:35); 24 March 2022, Updated 26 April 2023. ↩︎
    4. Greg A. King, The Documentary Hypothesis, Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, pp. 22-30, p. 25, paragraph 7, December, 2001; and
      Special Update: The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Ep1 of 3), Youtube: Patterns of Evidence, youtube.com/watch?v=YX3TH_nfgLo, Episode One at (29:45), May 21, 2024. ↩︎
    5. Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part Three, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (06:45), May 1, 2023;
      Breaking News “Mt Ebal Curse Tablet Peer Review Complete”, Appian Media, In Roads, youtube.com/watch?v=_15tYO4hqJS, (22:30 and 24:40), May 12, 2023; and Greg A. King, The Documentary Hypothesis, Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, 12/ 2001, pp. 22-30, p. 22, paragraph 2. ↩︎
    6. Id.; and Sean McDowell, Oldest Hebrew Writing? Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet (Revisited) m.youtube.com>watch, (20:00 & 33:49), 11 May 2023. ↩︎
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    Lagniappe Curse Tablet link / Patterns of Evidence 3
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    Lagniappe Joshua’s Altar link / Dr. Gad Barnea
  • Joshua’s Altar?

    Joshua’s Altar?

    History II

    [Ebal’s Plea, eight of thirty-two]

    In the 1980’s Professor Adam Zertal, a University of Haifa archaeologist, surveyed Mount Ebal adjacent to biblical Shechem and modern Nablus.1


    Shechem Sychar (Nablous) Ebal Gerizim

    Archaic photo
    J. Paul Getty Museum
    Licensed under CC-CC0 1.0

    Entrance to Nablus

    David Roberts (Scottish, 1796u20131864)
    Licensed under CC-CC0 1.0

    The area drips with serious biblical relevance including for example—the site of the Abrahamic covenant, 2 Jacob’s well, Joseph’s burial site, Jesus’ interactions with the Woman at the well, and an incident most relevant to out story.

    Travelers-resting-at-Jacob's-Well

    Travelers resting at Jacob’s Well

    Early 19th century painting by
    David Roberts
    Visitors-at-Joseph's-Tomb

    Visitors at Joseph’s tomb

    Early 19th century painting by David Roberts

    Christus en de Samaritaanse vrouw

    by Rijksmuseum
    Licensed under CC-CC0 1.0

    Of the latter Deuteronomy 11:29 and 27:12 to 28:68 tell. These verses detail Moses’ directions for a rather odd ceremony–the Ceremony of Curses and Blessings on Mounts Gerizim and Ebal. 3

    That event unfolds something like this:

    Because Moses could not enter the Promise Land, he directs Joshua, his successor as leader of the people of Israel, in effect: “Once you have sufficiently conquered a foothold in the land, go to Mt. Gerizim and Mt. Ebal. Set up stones brought from Jericho. Plaster them and write there on the words of the law. Position half of the tribes on one mountain and half on the other. Announce blessing from Gerizim and curses from Ebal. On Ebal build an altar of non-hewn stones. To the God of Israel sacrifice the blood of innocent animals to cover the sins of the guilty.”

    Joshua’s accomplishing these directives one finds in Joshua 24:1, 25-26, and 32. 4

    Of this relevance, however, Zertal had little inkling. Descended from East European immigrants who had lived under Soviet domination, he had grown up on a kibbutz. To him and many of his kin biblical connections had almost no resonance. Spiritually he was agnostic. Despite being an esteemed scholar and warrior—he had been seriously wounded in combat and walked with a cane much of his later life—about scripture he was almost clueless. His academic training had only cemented his conviction that the Bible was mostly mythology.5

    That was about to change.

    Exploring the backside of the mountain he observed a peculiar mound. He did a quick survey. From this he concluded that the place deserved serious investigation.

    Subsequently, his team removed a substantial covering of stones revealing a baffling structure. What is this? Nothing about it resembled anything of Zertal’s experience.

    After a period of head scratching wonder, an under-associate informed Zertal of a possible explanation. 

    The gist of this was: “This mountain people of a biblical slant scoured for decades looking for a particular structure. For it they focused on the side of Mt. Ebal facing its twin mountain, Mt. Gerizim. Convinced that it must be there, they ignored the back side where this site lays on a lip just over the summit.”

    “Could this be what had confounded many?”, the understudy postulated. “Could this be Joshua’s Altar, the one that Moses in Deuteronomy 27 and 28 had commanded him to build!?”6

    Of this, over time Zertal, the agnostic, eventually became convinced.7

    At this point I stop the Harrison Ford type narrative and suffice for brevity with a simple listing of the things that eventually supported his conviction. They are:

    • The location of the site offered an largely unfettered view of the eastern horizon, something essential to the tabernacle’s and later the Temple orientations. Such was not readily available from the side of Mt. Ebal facing Mt. Gerazim. Both Exodus 27:13 and 2 Chronicles 5: 11-12 imply that the entrance of the Tabernacle and later the Temple faced eastward.
    • A huge enclosure made of stones surrounds the altar site.  Bizarrely, it resembles a footprint, not more than three feet in height but over three football fields in length.8 Within it was another “footprint” about a 100 meters in length. (About six such structures one finds leading up the Jordan Valley culminating at Mt. Ebal.9 Some theorize that the Hebrews of the conquest constructed these. Supposedly, they were to symbolize God’s Mosaic promise to give them all the land within the parameters of the Promised Land on which their feet trod.)10
    • A long ramp rose to an altar site.11 Stairs Moses’ instructions forbid.
    • The altar site consisted only of non hewed stones, that is, field stones untouched by any iron tool. This Moses had directed.12
    • Excavations revealed two potential altars, one larger rectangular one encompassing a smaller circular one beneath at its center, both containing bones of almost exclusively kosher animals. (A small percentage of bones belonged to creatures that may have climbed among the rocks and died such as turtles or snakes.)13
    • Pottery fragments there dated only to Iron Age One and Bronze Age Two, both consistent with competing theories for the date of the Exodus and the Conquest.14
    • Another scholar on seeing a photo of the Ebal site noted to Zertal in effect, “That uncannily corresponds to an ancient drawing depicting Jerusalem’s second temple altar.”

    These verisimilitudes convinced Zertal.

    On publicly announcing his findings, a tremor rumbled through the archaeological and theological worlds. 

    Yet, as we will see in the next post, it was only a tremor, not the epic seismic event evidently necessary to shake the illiterate or mythological Moses parordine.15

    Next post: “Zertal Rejected”

    1. Melanie Lidman, Academic article on controversial 3,200-year old ‘curse tablet’ fails to sway experts, The Times of Israel,14 May 2023, paragraphs 1, 5, 38, and 40, https://www.timesofisrael.com/academic-article-on-controversial-3200-year-old-curse-tablet-fails-to-sway-experts/, (7 October 2024).
      and
      Steve Law, patternsofevidence.com, Ancient Hebrew Writing on Tablet Discovered at Joshua’s Altar, paragraph 3, February 4, 2022. ↩︎
    2. Id., paragraph 1. ↩︎
    3. Sean McDowell, Oldest Hebrew Writing? Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet (Revisited) m.youtube.com>watch, (5: 26-44), 11 May 2023.
      And
      Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part One, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (04:29; 05:21), May 1, 2023. ↩︎
    4. Chris & Jenifer Taylor, The Bible Journey, https://thebiblejourney.org/biblejourney2/27-the-israelites-move-into-canaan/joshua-builds-an-altar-at-mt-ebal/, paragraph 4, © 2024. ↩︎
    5. Steve Law, patternsofevidence.com, Ancient Hebrew Writing on Tablet Discovered at Joshua’s Altar, paragraph 5, February 4, 2022
      And
      Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part One, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (10:29), May 1, 2023. ↩︎
    6. Melanie Lidman, Academic article on controversial 3,200-year old ‘curse tablet’ fails to sway experts, The Times of Israel,14 May 2023, paragraph 38,  https://www.timesofisrael.com/academic-article-on-controversial-3200-year-old-curse-tablet-fails-to-sway-experts/, (7 October 2024). ↩︎
    7. Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part One, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (12:08), May 1, 2023.
      And
      Adam Eliyahu Berkowitz, Skeptics of Ebal Curse Tablet Accuse Christian Researchers of “Seeing the Face of Jesus in a Grilled Cheese Sandwich”, israel365news.com, Archeology, paragraph 3, December 6, 2023. ↩︎
    8. Steve Law, patternsofevidence.com, Ancient Hebrew Writing on Tablet Discovered at Joshua’s Altar, paragraph 23, February 4, 2022. ↩︎
    9. Associates for Biblical Research, “ABR Researchers Discover the Oldest Known Proto-Hebrew Inscription Ever Found”, biblicarchaeology.org/current-events-list/, Youtube, (15:32), March 24, 2022.
      and
      Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part Four, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (11:25 and 12:48), May 1, 2023. ↩︎
    10. Steve Law, patternsofevidence.com, Ancient Hebrew Writing on Tablet Discovered at Joshua’s Altar, paragraph 23, February 4, 2022.
      And
      (Deuteronomy 11:23-24);
      And
      (Joshua 1:3) ↩︎
    11. Associates for Biblical Research, “ABR Researchers Discover the Oldest Known Proto-Hebrew Inscription Ever Found”, biblicarchaeology.org/current-events-list/, Youtube, (15:02), March 24, 2022. ↩︎
    12. Melanie Lidman, Academic article on controversial 3,200-year old ‘curse tablet’ fails to sway experts, The Times of Israel,14 May 2023, paragraph 38,  https://www.timesofisrael.com/academic-article-on-controversial-3200-year-old-curse-tablet-fails-to-sway-experts/, (7 October 2024).
      And
      Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part Three, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (16:25), May 1, 2023. ↩︎
    13. Melanie Lidman, Academic article on controversial 3,200-year old ‘curse tablet’ fails to sway experts, The Times of Israel,14 May 2023, paragraph 40,  https://www.timesofisrael.com/academic-article-on-controversial-3200-year-old-curse-tablet-fails-to-sway-experts/, (7 October 2024).
      And
      Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part Three, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (16:25), May 1, 2023. ↩︎
    14. Sean McDowell, Oldest Hebrew Writing? Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet (Revisited) m.youtube.com>watch, (11:40-50), 11 May 2023. ↩︎
    15. Id. at (20:04). ↩︎
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    Lagniappe Mt. Ebal tablet link / Rollston, One
  • Zertal Rejected

    Zertal Rejected

    History III

    [Ebal’s Plea, nine of thirty-two]

    Academicians widely ignored, rejected, even scoffed at Zertal’s postulate. Many had long concluded Moses and Joshua to be fictional characters, their exploits–the stuff of mythology.

    Acclaimed scholars had embraced such since the eighteen century. Jean Astruc (1684–1766), a prominent physician was among the first. To his notions others contributed.

    In the late 19th century the writings of K. H. Graf and German scholar, Julius Wellhausen, thrust what became known as the documentary hypothesis into academic preeminence.1 Tensions they declared existed in the biblical materials regarding styles and word usage. About these they proposed elegant theories with this conclusion: Various late non-Mosaic scribes had authored the Torah and what became the Pentateuch.

    Furthermore, linchpins fortified their ideas.

    For example, the ancient materials use two different names for the Hebrew creator. These appeared in different texts but never together. Surely such mandated different late date authors.2

    Also, little evidence then supported a phonetic alphabet, i.e., one based on sounding out words, being assessable to Moses or his immediate successors. Such would have been necessary to communicate the nuanced literary accomplishment that the scriptures present.  An early alphabetic script, the theory held, appeared much later.3

    Lawrence Stager of Harvard, considered one of the high deans of the documentary hypothesis, once conjectured 4 that if Zertal discovered Joshua’s altar on Mt. Ebal then he and the rest of the scholarly biblical community “…would need to go back to kindergarten!” The gist of which was that surely those as learned as he would never need such. 5

    A-kindergarten-welcome

    A kindergarten welcome


    Photo by Naomi Shi on Pexels.com

    Other factors too mellowed the shock of Zertal’s assertion. Again for the sake of brevity I resort to a list.

    Factors working against Zertal discovery gaining wide scholarly acceptance included:

    • Mt. Ebal lay in Judea/ Samaria, also known as the West Bank—a highly charged geopolitical environment. Since the 1980’s, tensions between Palestinians and Israelis have surged between warm and hot. Today under the Oslo Peace Accords surrounding areas fall within one of three designations—A, B or C. Zertal’s site lies in B, that is one falling within Israeli military and Palestinian civil control. Resultantly, permits for further archaeological excavations were and remain difficult to navigate. 6 This has been particularly true given regional tensions and especially given the recent war. 7

    • Although in 1987 Zertal issued a preliminary Ebal excavation report, he died in 2015 8 without publishing his final report. 9

    • Furthermore, before his death, the excavations on Mt. Eval had not uncovered all of the small round altar, the one most likely associated with an older period, i.e., that of Joshua.10

    • Over the last decade Israel 365 News reports that “surreptitious actions by the Palestinian Authority (PA) have been slowly destroying the archaeological site.” 11

    Thus, the Documentary Hypothesis, although in different iterations, remains prevalent.

    This is despite numerous contradicting archaeological and scientific headwinds.12, 13, & 14.

    Shaken but unbowed the Documentary Hypothesis still holds sway.

    Before his death, Zertal mused, “All we need now is an inscription!” 15

    That brings us to the second archaeological find associated with Mt. Ebal, the more recent one. That is the Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet.

    Could this be the blow that tumbles the Documentary Hypothesis? Let us look closer. 16

    Next post: “Whoa!”

    1. Greg A. King, The Documentary Hypothesis, Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, 12/2001, pages 23 and 24.

    2. Sean McDowell, Oldest Hebrew Writing? Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet (Revisited) m.youtube.com>watch, (35:23), 11 May 2023; and Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part Three, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (02:20), May 1, 2023.

    3. Associates for Biblical Research, “ABR Researchers Discover the Oldest Known Proto-Hebrew Inscription Ever Found”, biblicarchaeology.org/current-events-list/, Youtube, (44:35), March 24, 2022; Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part Two, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (23:45), May 1, 2023; and One For Israel,The Curse from Mount Ebal that became an Archeological Blessing!, oneforisrael.org, paragraph 2, April 2, 2022.

    4. Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part Three, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (03:50), May 1, 2023.

    5. Sean McDowell, Oldest Hebrew Writing? Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet (Revisited) m.youtube.com>watch, (34:50), 11 May 2023; and Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part Three, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (04:10), May 1, 2023.

    6. Ariel David, “New Studies Debunk Controversial Biblical ‘Curse Tablet” from Mt. Ebal”, haaretz.com, paragraph 3, November 30, 2023;Sean McDowell, Oldest Hebrew Writing? Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet (Revisited) m.youtube.com>watch, (40:00-11), 11 May 2023; and

    Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part One, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (15:17), May 1, 2023.

    7. Adam Eliyahu Berkowitz, Skeptics of Ebal Curse Tablet Accuse Christian Researchers of “Seeing the Face of Jesus in a Grilled Cheese Sandwich”, israel365news.com, paragraph 13, December 6, 2023; andSteve Law, patternsofevidence.com, Ancient Hebrew Writing on Tablet Discovered at Joshua’s Altar, paragraph 9, February 4, 2022

    8. Associates for Biblical Research, “ABR Researchers Discover the Oldest Known Proto-Hebrew Inscription Ever Found”, biblicarchaeology.org/current-events-list/, Youtube, (06:09), March 24, 2022.

    9. Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part One, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (14:00), May 1, 2023.

    10. Sean McDowell, Oldest Hebrew Writing? Mt. Ebal Curse Tablet (Revisited) m.youtube.com>watch, (22:14), 11 May 2023; andAssociates for Biblical Research, “ABR Researchers Discover the Oldest Known Proto-Hebrew Inscription Ever Found”, biblicarchaeology.org/current-events-list/, Youtube, (14:52), March 24, 2022.

    11.   Adam Eliyahu Berkowitz, Skeptics of Ebal Curse Tablet Accuse Christian Researchers of “Seeing the Face of Jesus in a Grilled Cheese Sandwich”, israel365news.com, Archeology, paragraph 13, December 6, 2023.

    12, 13, 14 For instance, how did fourth or third century authors accurately record in scripture these now archaeologically attested events of the 6th through the 10th century B.C.:

    • Close archaeological correlation between the biblical text and the destruction of Timri and the founding of Sumeria in the 9th Century B.C.; (Associates for Biblical Truth; King Omri: Digging for Truth Episode 105; (01:39), youtube.com, 27 September 2020.)
    • The discovery of the ancient palace of Omri, a 9th Century B.C. King of Israel, and his son Ahab; (Associates for Biblical Truth; King Omri: Digging for Truth Episode 105; (15:50), youtube.com, 27 September 2020.);
    • The Moabite Stone, also known as the Mesha Inscription:This stella describes the exploits of King Omri as seen through the eyes of an enemy; (Associates for Biblical Truth; King Omri: Digging for Truth Episode 105; (18:45), youtube.com, 27 September 2020; and (Curse Tablet: A Response (w/ Chris Rollston), Youtube, Sen McDowell, (38:28) June 2, 2023.
    • The Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III also discussed Omri and a subsequent King of Israel, Jehu (Id. 41;24) and (Associates for Biblical Truth; King Omri: Digging for Truth Episode 105; (01:39), youtube.com, (20:15), 27 September 2020.)
    • The Tel Dan Inscription evidences that Judah’s royalty in the 9th Century B. C. considered itself a descendant of the House of David. It also likely refers to a conspiracy suggested in 1 Kings 19:15-18 between Hazael, King of Aram-Damascus, and Jehu. (CBN Israel Blog, Biblical Artifact: Tel Dan Inscription, Marc Turnage, https://cbnisrael.org, (paragraphs 1-5), 2021/10/26).
    • The 700 B.C. Deir Alla Plaster mentioning Baalam son of Beor a Seer evidencing at least an ancient memory of the character portrayed in Numbers 22-24  (Curse Tablet: A Response (w/ Chris Rollston), Youtube, Sen McDowell, (42:47) June 2, 2023).
    • Geomagnetic dating verifies an intricate biblical sequence of military campaigns of the Arameans, Assyrians, Babylonians, Edomites and Egyptians from around 930 B.C. to 586 B.C. (Israel 21C, Geomagnetic field dating confirms the Bible’s narrative, Marion Fischel, paragraph 1, October 26, 2022, Updated November 2, 2022, israel21c.org.

    The Documentary Hypothesis must also account for such as these:

    • The Silver Scrolls of Ketef Hinnom, 6th Century B.C., the earliest known Biblical text; and
    • Evidence of the use of an early alphabetic script in the Middle East extending beyond the 15th to even the 18th century B.C. (Curse Tablet: A Response (w/ Chris Rollston),(52:12 and 51:41) Youtube, Sen McDowell, June 2, 2023.
    • Regarding The Book of Daniel:
    • Linguists found that the Hebrew of Daniel is earlier than that of the Second Century Dead Sea Scrolls
    • Plus they determined that its Aramaic ranges between 600 and 330 B.C. They reached that conclusion in assessing it against official documents of that earlier period as opposed to that of the second century B.C. (K.A. Kitchen, “The Aramaic of Daniel” in Notes on Some Problems in the Book of Daniel, ed. P.J. Wiseman, et al. (London: Tyndale, 1964). Online: https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/tp/notes-daniel/daniel_kitchen.pdf (Accessed Aug.11,2022).
    • The large number of fragments of the Book of Daniel found among the Dead Sea Scrolls signifies it canonization much earlier than the Second Century B.C. Also, supporting this is references to the Book of Daniel in other scrolls found at Qumran.(Randall Prie and H. Wayne House, Zondervan Handbook of Biblical Archaeology (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017), p. 177-178; Gerhard Hasel, “New Light on the Book of Daniel from the Dead Sea Scrolls.” Associates for Biblical Research, July 31, 2021; and https://biblearchaeology.org/research/topics/ancient-manuscripts/3193-new-light-on-the-book-of-daniel-from-the-dead-sea-scrolls (Accessed Aug. 11, 2022).
    • There are other archaeological discoveries that disparage the idea that scribes could have been written Daniel in the Second Century. These include evidence of specific knowledge about events and people that would likely have been available at that late time. Those discoveries are:
    • The Nebuchadnezzar Stele;
    • The Nebo-Sarsekim Tablet;
    • Nebuchadnezzar’s Palace;
    • The Esagila (Temple of Marduk);
    • The Ishtar Gate and Processional Way;
    • Babylonian Chronicle 5;
    • The Nabonidus Cylinders;
    • The Nabonidus Chronicle; and
    • The Cyrus Cylinder. (Bible Archaeology Report, Ibid.)

    15. Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part Three, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (08:19), May 1, 2023

    16. Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part Three, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (02:33 and 0255), May 1, 2023; Associates for Biblical Research, Cursed! The Mount Ebal Curse Tablet (Part Four, Digging for Truth Episode 200), YouTube, (05:00), May 1, 2023; and Associates for Biblical Research, “ABR Researchers Discover the Oldest Known Proto-Hebrew Inscription Ever Found”, biblicarchaeology.org/current-events-list/, Youtube, (31:41), March 24, 2022.

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  • You will Die!

    You will Die!

    Photo Study IV

    [Ebal’s Plea, twenty of thirty-two]

    We look now at a new word and two solo letters relevant to a critic’s arguments.

    Here I introduce them somewhat superficially. Later, I delve deeper when I discuss that scholar’s views.

    Our new word is “TMT”, meaning “You will die!”

    Galil depicts it in Figure 7 as #’s: 18, 19, and 20.

    The phonetic spelling is “Taw”, “Mem”, “Taw.”

    Here is how they look:

    • “Taw” looks like an “X” or a cross and with small tick marks it resembles crossed hockey sticks or swords.; and
    • “Mem” looks like our “M”, wavy lines, or rolling waves.

    Photo by Alexander Nadrilyanski on Pexels.com

    Photo by David Cruz asenjo on Pexels.com

    To see photos and drawings of each click:

    This concludes our proto-alphabetic vocabulary survey.

    Our lexicon now includes YHW, ARUR, and TMT, three easy words–three heavy notions.

    I now turn to our survey’s two solo letters. For simplicity these I consider independent from the words they help form.

    The first I call “Lovely Aleph”. See it as Figure 7’s #21 and as Table 2’s (3a & b).

    All I will say currently is, “What a beauty!”.

    The second letter I call “Dancing He” because it appears to exude rhythmic motion on the lower tablet.

    View it as Figure 7’s #3 and in Table 3 (4a & b).

    See a remarkable negative of it in Table 10, #2.

    We can now declare a wrap on our initial alphabet and word canvas.

    Consider our script count comprises only seven unique letters–“Aleph”, “He”, “Mem”, “Resh”, “Taw”, “Waw”, and “Yod”.

    At first tackling ancient inscriptions of thirty-five hundred years ago possibly intimidated. In retrospect you likely see them as relatively straight forward.

    As an aside, consider that in short order first graders learn all 26 letters of our script. Plus they quickly master a corral of words from their readers. What a wonder!


    Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

    Nevertheless, rather than taxing, I trust that you found our exercise enlightening and maybe fun.

    But we are not yet done. We still must review the substance of voices opposing Stripling’s claims.

    This too I will attempt to keep sufferable, if not entertaining.

    Let us get started!

    Next post: “A Refutation?”

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